The Italian Commemorative Cross for the 11th Army (Croce Commemorativa dell'11ª Armata) is a rare and historically significant decoration. This unofficial award commemorates the Italian and Axis campaign in Greece (October 1940–April 1941), emphasizing the bravery and sacrifice of the 11th Army, which operated under Italian command during World War II.
Key Features:
Name: Commemorative Cross for the 11th Army (Croce Commemorativa dell'11ª Armata).
Period: 1942, extended in 1943 to honor soldiers who died in Greece.
Material: Bronze gilt with black enamels.
Maker: Hallmarked and marked by "G. MORI", a known Italian medal manufacturer.
Dimensions: 44.43 x 40.87 mm, a medium-sized decoration.
Design Details:
Obverse:
Shape: A Maltese cross enameled in black, symbolizing mourning and remembrance.
Central Emblem:
Features the double-headed Albanian eagle, representing Albania (then under Italian occupation).
The eagle is flanked by the arms and knot of the House of Savoy, symbolizing Italian royal authority.
Reverse:
Inscription:
Engraved with "VEEMENZA E TENACIA" ("Vehemence and Tenacity"), reflecting the spirit and determination of the 11th Army.
The date "16 NOVEMBRE 1940 XIX" refers to the start of the campaign against Greece, with "XIX" signifying the 19th year of Mussolini’s Fascist regime.
Markings: Includes hallmarks and the maker’s mark "G. MORI".
Historical Context:
The cross commemorates the 11th Army's involvement in the Italian invasion of Greece (1940–1941), a key campaign during World War II. This campaign was marked by intense fighting, harsh conditions, and significant casualties. Despite initial setbacks, the Axis eventually overran Greece in April 1941 with German assistance.
1943 Extension: After Italy’s capitulation and occupation by German forces, the award was also conferred in remembrance of soldiers who died during the Italian campaign in Greece.
Unofficial Status: Although not a state-issued decoration, this cross was widely recognized among veterans and remains an important historical artifact.
This Commemorative Cross for the 11th Army is a compelling artifact, reflecting the complex history of the Italian military during World War II. Its rarity, intricate design, and strong connection to the Greek and Balkan campaigns make it a valuable addition for collectors of Axis or Italian militaria.